Investigation into customer service at Safeway Willerby Essay Example for Free

Investigation into guest dish at Safeway Willerby EssayOn Monday the 17th of February my Business group went to the Safeway Super insert in Willerby to discourse the client advantages manager, Andy Bostock. This was technical client proceeds for us as it is a busy store and he gave up term for us, and with too been guests it was straightforward that he acknowledged us.While we was at the store we were going to simple machinery let out an overt and covert robeigation (see appendix 1) which way of life that we was to ask Andy Bostock several(prenominal) questions and we where going to carry out several observations throughout the store. This is where Safeway, Willerby is locatedThe Safeway store tries to ensure that all told customers wants and needs ar put uped for and they withdraw such(prenominal) occasions as* Toilets* Florists* characterisation processing* Cafe* Home entertainment plane section- which sells such things as CDs and TVs* Kosher food* In st ore banking* Bakery* Meat* Fish* Fruit and Veg* The deli* Chilled* Italian* Beers, wine and spirits* Frozen Food* Health and beauty* Lottery* Organic food* Passport photos boothThe importance of customer service to Safeway is that with the store repugning with 20-23 thousand kitty on a weekly basis it is important that they serve with severally customers needs and expectations. If this does non happen it provide soused that customers may go else where to a rival store. When new recruits start at Safeway they ar launchn and induction talk which covers e actually aspects of the bank line description. They ar given browse books to fill in and the counsel bequeath check them to see sure that they understand everything what is asked from them. They do non stimulate off the air training as everything they need to know is indoors the store so there is no need for them to go bothwhere else. The further off the job training is for managers and they may need training in a new aspect of customer service or need re-training for sample. They do not re-train their cater which substance that they may not gain as much knowledge as they may need. This could be that they do not want to spend any money on retraining them, which in the long run is naughtiness because it impart mean that employees will not know what they argon doing and when customers suck up a problem may find it difficult to parcel out with them on the spot. Their training is from 12-16 weeks and they cover every aspect on what department that argon going to work on. They only let their employees work on one department because it means that they know the department really well and arouse deal with every problem, which comes up. This is a good point because all of their staff will know everything active the department and will work hard on it and make sure that all the work is done correctly. The bad point of doing this is that if a customer comes up to a member of staff who does n ot know anything to the highest degree the department which the customer wants education on it may annoy the customer cost they will want the problem dealt with quickly.Read muchCustomer Service InvestigationSafeway deal with any problems quickly as the always make sure that their is a sp ar employee to deal with the problem. Also if a customers comes up and asks them where close tothing is within the store, they atomic number 18 skilled to ask the customer whether they want them to take them or tell them. This is because the customer may want to make some some new(prenominal) purchases beforehand they go to the keepsake what they are looking for, and the thing what they are asking for may be at the other side of the store and it may annoy the customer if they are taken their before making other purchases because they will have to go back on them selfs.When customers pay for their goods they get a receipt and this has information which is applicable to their purchases, bu t on the Safeway receipt it has the chase information* The store opening times- this means that customer will be able to see the next time the store is open.* Who the customer services manager is- this means that if the customer has a problem they arse contact Andy Bostock as quickly as possible.* Who the till agent is- if you have a problem with something then you can report to the customer services manager and they can then deal with the person or give them much training if needed.* Advertising the Safeway magazine- it is making customers aware of the magazine so that they can pick it up.It also has the date, time, address and telephone number at the tramp of the receipt. This is so customers know when they made the purchase and if their is a problem they can contact the store my mail or telephone. (See appendix 2). This related to customer service because if the service what they get is bad, the customer services manager will know who did this and if they have done this befo re they will be able to discipline them. The information what the customer gets on the receipt is important to only to them but to the customer service manager. If the machine breaks down it will mean that it will effect the customer-employee relations.The methods of payments what Safeway have are cash, razz and cheque. So this means what ever the customer bides to pay with Safeway can deal with it. So this is good because if they only expect cash for example it will mean that if Safeway are not catering for all customers they will start to go elsewhere.Safeway do not offer a home words whether it will be by people doing it through the phone or via the Internet. This is because Safeway have never been interested in it and would rather spend their money on investing in other things which will be more beneficial to the employees and customers. With other competing companies such as Sainsburys offering this service it may be pert if they did look into it and if they did not get ma ny customers then chip off doing it. It would make it easier for older people to order online or via the phone, this would also be beneficial for people that are in a wheelchair as it means that they do not have to leave their home.Safeway do not have any members of staff who are trained in dealing with foreign customers, as they do not usually get a stack of them. If Safeway did decide to train someone in this it will mean that it will give them a good reputation will foreign people for understanding their needs.When a disabled customer comes into the store, Safeway make sure that they have all the assistance they need. They ask them if they would like a member of staff to help them shop, which is like a personal shopper this is because for example if a wheelchair customer comes in and the can not reach the top shelf for an item the personal shopper will be along side them to get the item. The cater for disabled customers by offering1. 6 Disabled cat valiuming spaces at the fron t of the car park so it doesnt mean that they have to travel far to get their.2. Have wide isles so that it is comfortable for wheelchairs to get through.3. They have special trolleys which are trolleys that can just fit into an electric wheelchair so it means that they can carry on shop easily. They also offer diminisheder trolleys for their customer who have a disability.4. They have a disabled toilet at the front of the store.Safeway have realized that a lot of disabled people do come into the store, so they have made it easier for them to shop by offering these types of services for the disabled customers to use.Safeway decided to no longer have the crche and make way for the home entertainment department this is because the home entertainment department will effect everyone as the crche will only effect people who are bringing in small kidskinren. The crche also disoriented its popularity with customers and Safeway where losing money on it and it seemed the right place to pu t it because customers have to walk through the whole store to get to the department.At the tills at the front of the store each one has a change draw and this is free for the staff to use as if they need change quickly they have access to it and it means that customers will not get distressed.Safeway make sure that they have adequate staffing levels at all times and they do this by knowing what they change the equal time last week and cock-a-hoop the employees the hours on the tills. For example on a Saturday morning they may take 10,000 so they will need more people on the tills to cater for all the customers, but on a Monday morning they may only take 1000 so they will not need to have all the tills on, they may only need about 4. When it was Christmas they gave their customers who where waiting in the cue free mince pies which meant that they where offering a good customer service to all of their customers. Every department in the store has its own employees so if they is a promotion on alcohol for example it will mean that they will need more staff to get all the alcohol out onto the shop floor.They also have a night hawk who work 10-7 which means that they get all of the stock from the stock dwell out for the morning and to make room for the delivery the next morning. This is good for the customers as they are getting the tonalest products at any given time because as soon as it arrives it will be put out.When we looked at the stock room it was untidy which meant that it might be difficult for everyone to know where everything goes. They did not have a stock room manager, which for a store of that size is a bad thing, as not every member of staff is doing their job correctly. If a stock room manager was introduced it will improve the amount of damaged goods as well as improving the shade of the stock room. With their being no stock room manager it will be made easier for the staff to dislocate products and whilst we was their he said that there were a lot of unsolved theft and that they lose a lot of money in the Willerby store, and this could be the reason for this.They have eight cameras in the store and one main one on the alcohol department this is because this is the most common theft. This means that it is giving the customers a lot of security and makes them feel more save when they are their and they also have a security guard who works six days a week. When they peal code 50 over the tannoy all male members of staff go to the front of the store to stop the thief, this is because if their is more than one the security guard will not be able to deal with them. This is done to make the customers feel more safe when they are shopping at the store.Their health and safeguard procedures are gone through on the day they get their training. It is important that all staff know the health and safety procedure incase of an emergency such as a fire. When it was the firefighter strike they where given extra training which con sisted of videos and leaflets what Safeway came up with to make sure that they where aware of everything what was going on. They also put posters up in the staff room and in the stock room to always keep them aware of the dangers. They made sure that everything was double-checked to cover their backs. This was excellent customer service as they knew that fire fighters may not be able to get to the store incase of a fire, so they make sure that everything is checked for the safety of the customers.When the fire alarm goes off they can detect where about it is in the store and they will then go and see if it was set of deliberately or it was just a prank, and if it was deliberately they will then evacuate the store. Safeways buildings are not insured so this means that with the money what they save they can invest into other things what will benefit the fraternity. But if their is a fire within a store and it gets burnt down they will lose a lot of money and last year two stores went down with fire and it meant that they got no money. So they have to take money from elsewhere. They also have a misadventure book which employees fill in if they think there is a problem and this is checked everyday. It means that if there is a problem the management can deal with them quickly to benefit the customers and keep them safe.They have 1st aiders in the store all the time which means that if a problem does arise with a customer been injured they can deal with it quickly and correctly. The 1st aid facilities what are in the store are mainly for the employees not the customers.Safeway communicate with their customers by having the following things* Tannoys- if a child is lost for example they could tannoy the childs parent or guardian to come and pick them up* Leaflets advertising their special offers- making the customers aware of what they have to offer. These usually come through the post box with the free supplement newspaper what residents get. (see appendix 3)* Walk ie-talkies between employees- they can contact each other if a problem comes up and can be easily dealt with.* Notice board- this informs the customers of any events coming up and what they are for.The ways in which Safeway assess and monitor the quality of customer service are that they used to have an ABC card and this could recognize how much money a certain customer spends in Safeway over a period of time. It was a point scheme where if you spent over a amount of money you would get points which in the long run would mean that you will get offers and free things depending on how much money you have spent.They stopped doing this when a new board of director came in and said that it was a waste of money and that money could be spent elsewhere. When we asked Andy on what he thought of it he said the same, and the money what would be saved in producing the separate could be spent on more productive things, but why does store cards work for other supermarkets such as Sainsburys and Tesco?ABC bill of fareSafeway used to have mystery shoppers but then that stopped because a mystery shopper was not a true reflection on the store as they have two mystery shoppers a month and the Willerby store gets 20-23 thousand customers a week. So the stopped doing this because they started to realize that it was not on the job(p).Safeway carried out a perspective to get some feed back on what the customers though on the store and what the good and bad points. (see appendix 4) They survey was done by 60 people on Friday 5th April to Sunday 7th April. The survey covers the following things1. Hygiene2. Staff3. Checkouts4. Solutions to improving staff service5. Best in fresh6. Items which where of a poor quality7. Product and price8. Availability9. Who the shoppers are10. Where else they shop11. Suggestions for improvementThe survey is then analyzed by head constituent and the management team of the Willerby store and they will talk about the results and what they are going to do with them and how to make improvements. This is very good customer service because it is giving the customers a chance to express any opinions they may have of the store whether it is good or bad. Also if they do make a suggestion or say what they think and the next time they go in it is dealt with it will make the customers feel as if they have say on what goes on within the store.The customer services desk is at the front of the store as soon as you walk in, which means that it saves the customer walking through the store and hopefully the problem can be dealt with by the people at the customer services desk.Customer complaints are dealt with by either phone, letter of face to face. They do not offer an telecommunicate service where they can directly email the store with any problems which may need looking at as email is one of the most common ways of communicating. If a customer does complain Any Bostock (customer services manager) will personally deal with the complaint thi s is because this time he will know that it is dealt with correctly and the other point is why has the customer complaint and what can be done for this customer complaint to come about again. If its a face to face problem he will go to the customer services desk and try and ask the customer what the situation is and come to some compromise. If its on the phone, the customer services desk will try and deal with it then but if its a major problem Andy will take the call and deal with it appropriately. Then finally he will reply to any letter, which is sent to him regarding a customer complaint.The most common complaint is that customers are cueing to long at the tills. They try and deal with this by having enough staff to cover if there is a rush on and this is worked out by using the week before figures. If all tills are on and customers are still complaining the only way you can deal with them is by apologizing to them because their is nothing more you can do at that moment in time. They also had a suggestion box where customers could put in any suggestions or how the felt it would work better, but they had to stop doing this because it turned into a customer complaint box and they did not want this. Safeway need to come up with a new suggestion scheme as it is important for Safeway to understand what the customer wants and the best way is through suggestion schemes because it is easy to do and cheap to operate.Whilst I was at the store I carried out my own observations and I came up with the following results.The car park was shared with Iceland, Focus, Poundstretcher, Jonathan James, Francios and wickes. This meant that by having the store on a retail park it meant that customers could do other types of shopping if they needed to. Safeway did have its owns trolley parks that where scattered around the car park, which meant that customers did not have to walk back with their trolley where ever they are parked because it if they are old, they will not want to b e walking back to Safeway with their trolley if they are parked at the other side of the car park. Other benefits what the car park had where* 16 Child and parent parking spaces- these where directly outside the store so it a parent comes with a small child, the child is not running around the car park, they can just go straight into the store* 6 disabled parking spaces- These where next to the child and parent parking which are directly outside the store. Disabled people may find it had to walk across a big car park but with these parking spaces been their it is making it easier for them to cope. I personally feel 6 spaces is not enough, this is because sort of a lot of retired people may be classed as disabled and they have the most free time as they do not have to go to work, so with expanding the parking spaces for the disabled they may fix a new customer segment.* 2 Zebra crossings- These where going towards the front of the store where the entrances where. This is good custo mer service because if their is a lot of traffic and you can not make it across the road with the zebra crossings been their, it will make it easier for the customer.Safeway provide a variety of different trolleys for every type of customer. This is because if they have different types of trolleys it means that if customers only want a small shop their is small trolleys. The advantage of Safeway trolleys are that you do not have to put a pound in, this is good because a customer may not have a pound coin in change and if they dint they would have to go and get it changed before they even started the shopping. With the trolleys not having a pound put in them it means that they could get stolen and this would mean a loss in profits for the company because each trolley be about 50 to make. Also around the surrounding area there is always trolleys just dumped because they is no need to return them back to Safeway. All the trolleys are kept under a shelter which means if it does rain th e trolleys are still dry so the customers do not have to dry them down. Types of trolleys* gravid trolleys* Medium trolleys* Small trolleys* One seat baby trolleys* Two seat baby trolleys* One seat child trolleys* Two seat child trolleys* Wheelchair trolleys* BasketsThey also have a post box which is outside the store with a stamp machine inside the store (which was out of order), but the customer can also buy stamps from the confectionery desk which is next to the customer service desk. With Safeway selling stamps it means that if a customer wished to send somebody a birthday card they could get the stamp and post it all within the store. The post box is emptied several times a day to make sure that the post is delivered on time. Along with stamp machine they where a phone card machine and a savings stamp machine.The phone card machine only sold BT Cellnet cards which meant that if customers wanted to get a different one they would have to go to the confectionery desk because they do not sell the cards at each till. This is bad customer service because they may just want to do all their shopping at once and if they have to go somewhere else in the store it may distress them. With the savings stamps this is a booklet what customers can get and they can collect them over a period of time, usually up to Christmas so when it comes to do their Christmas shopping they will have an amount of money what they will spend. A savings booklet is a good idea because if a customer is buying a stamp a week, you know that they are going to come back at Christmas and spend it and hopefully more to do their Christmas shopping.The toilets what Safeway have are1. Ladies2. Mens3. Disabled4. Baby ChangeThe toilets are at the front of the store which means that you can go to toilets before you start your shopping or after it, but if you go after shopping it will mean that you will have to leave you shopping unattended because their is no potent place where you can leave your shopp ing. When I went into the toilets I was not impressed with the standard of them, this is because as soon as I walked into them their was a smell which was very of putting and meant that I wanted to be as quick as possible. This is bad customer service because their was nothing done about it, if their was some mixture of air conditioning in their it would make it easier.The floor was also very dirty and their was water all over the floor underneath the sink, which meant that the toilets are very rarely checked by the employees because in some toilets there is a sheet up to say when it was last checked and if there where any damages. If the toilets are not checked regularly it may stop customers from using them because of the standard of them. When I went into the toilets their where a lot of damages like holes in the wall and their where no bins so people where just dropping their rubbish on the floor. This gave the toilets and overall tacky feel to it and I personally would not use them again. If the toilets are not improved it may put customers of from using the store all together.The music of the store was aimed at the more older people, this is because this is their main target audience because you scantily get children or teenagers shopping in supermarkets. The music is controlled my head office which means that Safeway Willerby have no control which if the majority of customers are different from other stores they may wish to change the music slightly to make them come back. The music what they do play is very upbeat music, this is so that customers are scent happy when they are shopping their.Whilst we where we was looking in the Entertainment department and we across and adult video which was on the second to bottom shelf which is easy for a small child to get hold of it. On the back of it had sexual images on it which meant that the child would be seeing them. This is very bad customer service because it is of adult content and its easy for the chil d to get hold of.On Safeways Website, the opening page is filled with information regarding a certain thing what is happening so for example the thing what is happening this month is Mothers day, so the opening is filled with information regarding Mothers day. (see appendix 5). They also have special offers what is making the customers aware of, so that they can purchase them. This can be food related or just other items such as dry make clean and photo processing. They also have a recipe of the week, which is described in great detail as well as all their other recipes what you can look at online. Their Website is excellent customer because it is giving potential customers a chance to see what is happening within Safeway, and it is offering advice on the recipes that the customers may wish to make. Their Website also includes* Store guide- this shows you where the nearest store is and how many miles away it is from your house.* Everything what is included in their stores from thei r specialized food to their service, which is not food related.* Company information- from the history of the company to the activities at the moment.* Drinks guide- this covers all the drinks from fizzy drinks to alcohol and expert advice is given.Overall Safeways Website is excellent because it covers all the information what you will need.Analysis of customer serviceI am now going to analyze what the advantage and disadvantages are of Safeway Willerby in terms of customer serviceAdvantagesDisadvantagesWith Safeway doing a survey it means that they are getting customer feedback which in the long run will benefit the company because with the results of the survey will they can improve the things what has gone wrong. There is no incentive of doing this and it is quite time consuming so the customers may rush it just to get through it, so if an incentive was launched they may be able to get more accurate results.The majority of their staff where of a mature age which meant that they had more experience with customers so they would know what they want. Also with employing older people it means that the management team will know that they are not coming into work with a hangover and they know that they are going to work well and not let them down, with the experience they have with customers.The toilets where a major disadvantage to Safeway Willerby this is because of the overall standard of them was poor. This gives the impression that Safeway Willerby are unhygienic and care very little about the standard of their customer service. If an employee checked the toilets every morning and afternoon, it could improve the standard a bit and it would reassure the customers that something is been done about them.With the security guard working 6 days a week, customers will start to pick up on when he is not their and they might try and get away with things such as theft. With him also working 6 days he will start to get tired and may not do his job properly. If another( prenominal) security guard was introduced it will mean that their is always a security guard in the store, this will assure the customers that they are safe with these security guards in operation.

An Example of Successful Change Essay Example for Free

An Example of thriving Change EssayIntroductionWhy is Wal-Mart so Successful? Is it Good Strategy or Good Strategy Implementation? In 1962, when Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas, no sensation could slang ever predicted the enormous success this small-town merchant would have. Sam Waltons talent for neglect retailing not only made Wal-Mart the worlds largest retailer, but also the worlds number one retailer in gross sales. Sam Walton has made certain changes that help Wal-Mart to achieve its success today. His change techniques involve changing people, technology, and product. Indeed, Wal-Mart was named Retailer of the Decade by dissolve Store News in 1989, and on several occasions has been included in Fortunes list of the 10 most admired corporations.Changing PeopleWal-Mart is in(predicate) not only because it makes sound strategic management decisions, but also for its innovative implementation of those strategic decisions. In order to becom e a superstore, Wal-Mart resolved to change the skill level of its workforce. Waltons greatest accomplishment was his ability to empower, enrich, and train his employees. He believed in listening to employees and challenging them to come up with ideas and suggestions to make the familiarity better. At each of the Wal-Mart stores, signs atomic number 18 displayed which read, Our People Make the Difference. Associates regularly make suggestions for cutting costs through their Yes We Can Sam program. The sum of the savings generated by the associates actually paid for the construction of a new store in Texas. One of Wal-Marts goals was to provide its employees with the appropriate tools to do their jobs efficiently. The technology was not used as a means of replacing existing employees, but to provide them with a means to succeed in the retail market (Thompson and Strickland 93).Changing ProductWal-Mart stores snuff it according to their Everyday Low Price philosophy. They provide customers access to quality goods, to make these goods available when and where customers want them, to develop a cost structure that enables warlike pricing, and to build and maintain a reputation for absolute trustworthiness (Evan, Shulman, and Stalk, 55). Through Sam Waltons Buy America policy, Wal-Mart encourages its buyers and merchandise managers to stock stores with American-made products. In a 1993 one-year report management stated the program demonstrates a long-standing Wal-Mart commitment to our customers that we will buy American-made products whenever we can if those products deliver the same quality and affordability as their foreign-made counterparts (Thompson Strickland 68). With a course of product and low cost, Wal-Mart has attracted more consumers.Changing TechnologyWal-Mart has invested heavily in its unique cross-docking inventory system. crossroad docking has enabled Wal-Mart to achieve economies of scale which reduces its costs of sales. With this system, goods are continuously delivered to stores within 48 hours and often without having to inventory them. Lower prices also eliminate the expense of frequent sales promotions and sales are more predictable. Cross docking gives the individual managers more control at the store level. A company owned transportation system also assists Wal-Mart in shipping goods from store to store in less than 48 hours. This allows Wal-Mart to replenish the shelves 4 times faster than its competition. Wal-Mart owns the largest and most sophisticated computer system in the private sector. It uses a massively parallel processor computer system to track stock and movement which keeps it abreast of fast changes in the market (Daugherty 24). Information related to sales and inventory is disseminated via its advanced satellite communications system.ConclusionSam Walton, a leader with an innovative vision, started his own company and made it into the leader in discount retailing that it is today. Through hiss avvy, and sometimes unusual, line of work practices, he and his associates led the company forward for thirty years. Today the company is still growing steadily. Wal-Mart executives continue to depose on many of the traditional goals and philosophies that Sams legacy left behind, while simultaneously keeping one step ahead of the ever-changing technology and methods of todays fast-paced business environment. The future also looks bright for Wal-Mart, especially if it is able to continue its customer-driven culture, it should remain a retail industry leader well into the next century.

Business Ethics Are An Integral Part Of International Business Strategies

employment organization Ethics Are An Integral Part Of International Business StrategiesThis topic review investigates the stock ethical motive and their uneven implementation in international seam. Business morals atomic number 18 an important part of any none strategy of a family. Ethics have been discussed from centuries. Companies represent the good deal, where they spent most of the time. Some of their actions amaze legion(predicate) multinational organizations more influential in the creative activity trade. Hence some of conclusions taken by organizations, whether they be good or bad affect the go withs image in political, social, legal societies. This review has discussion on the behavior of companies. Discussion has examples from different societies and countries.INTRODUCTIONThe topic for this research essay is business morals ar an integral part of international business strategies only if implementation is often uneven. Discuss using examples from one s ector. This topic is broader in its true meanings so for the purpose of discussion, boundaries have to be drawn for better correspondence of the topic. International business basic everyy originated from international trade. Trade among nations has prehistoric evidences. Ancient Afri substructure tribes took dates and clothing for spices and olive oil. In those measure trade was among neighboring countries, with the going of time trade expanded to far a room nations. During past centuries Roam, Italy and china were the major trading centers. International business succeeded to the present time when concept of globose business appe bed. Different societies and countries have different ethics and values. These differences in ethics could be referable to religion and traditions. These ethics similarly have their influence over the conduct of business. These differences in ethics and values raise problems in the conduct of business internationally. To get rid of these problem c ompanies and industries demand universal code of business ethics. The importance of universal code of business ethics became more evident in 20th century due to improver in international investments, franchising, licensing and increment of multinational corporations. Companies and industries make agreement on transnational standards or universal ethical standards for business purpose, but this does non mean that those standards atomic number 18 implemented as desired. There is a gap between desirable and desired implementation of ethical norms. Desirable means that what is right and good, where as desired means what people actually want to get. Due to this gap, the implementation of business ethics is often considered to be uneven. This uneven implementation is discussed in this research essay, using examples from private sector. How and wherefore organizations have uneven implementation of business ethics. What are the results of this uneven implementation?HYPOTHESESFollowing questions were created to specify the research area of the essayWhat is business ethics?What is the fate of business ethics?How organizations make uneven implementation of ethics in international business?Why the implementation of business ethics is uneven in international business, discussed in examples?What are the results of uneven implementation of ethics in international business, discussed with examples?THEORETICAL BACKGROUNDETHICSEthics are defined as the moral standards of a person or in a collective perspective it examines the moral standards of a society. The study of ethics to a fault asks the questions that how these standards apply to lives, are these standards are reasonable or unreasonable, if they are reasonable then whether they support of good reasons or slimy reasons (Velasquez, M.G ,2006,p.10).BUSINESS ETHICSBusiness ethics consists of the principles and standards which describe lines in the world of business. Stakeholders of the business like investors, cust omers, employees, the legal system , interest groups and community decides that whether a specific behavior is right or wrong, ethical or unethical in a business environment. Although these groups may or may not be right in their finish but it true that their decision influence the societys behavior of acceptance or rejection of a business and its activities(Ferrell, O.C et al ,2000,p.6).INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSAny business which is involved in trade or investment across the national borders is recognizen as international business. In todays world it is not necessarily to be involved in trade of sensual products, companies also trade intellectual assets like technology, know how, capital and services across the national border (Cavusgil, S.T et al, 2008, p.4).MISPERCEPTIONS ABOUT BUSINESS ETHICSFollowing are major misperceptions regarding Business ethic,Business ethics are related to religion and not the responsibility of attention. exclusively its not true beca uptake business ethics does not try to change the basic values or souls of people. It only occupy with the behavior of people at business place.Most of business managements think that their employees are ethical in their daily life so their actions in business environment will also be ethical. Hence organization has no need to pay attention to business ethics. But the situation becomes much more difficult when business faces complex ethical phone numbers like when a business decision have a signifi notifyt effect over the stakeholders of the business.Business ethics have major concern with philosophers, academics and theologians. Business organizations have no direct concern with it in day to day activities. Reason behind this misperception is little involvement of business leaders or managers in ethical discussions or literature. So many believe that ethics are only for the discussion of philosophers and academics.Business ethics is the lecture given to bad people by good people. But its the glo be that good people can also take bad actions, especially when they are working under stress or confused. So managing business ethics is not a preaching but helping other(a)s to take ethical actions even under stress or confusing situation.Ethics cannot be managed in a business. Ethics are managed in a business but often indirectly. The organizational behavior or the behavior of the founder / leader has gravid moral influence on the behavior of employee. Laws regulations and strategic priorities like market share, cutting cost, and profit maximization have great influence over the business ethics.Business ethics and social responsibility is the same thing. But in general social responsibility is one aspect of business ethics. Business ethics involves an application of ethics to the corporate community, a way to determine responsibility in business dealings, the identification of important business and social issues, and an assessment of ethics in business. Where the social respons ibility deals firstly with the identification of important business and social issues, secondly with critique of business.Organization is not in trouble with the law, so its actions are ethical. One can be unethical even he operates within the law. For example hiding the information from higher management, making constant affection about others. Mostly the unnoticed unethical behavior leads to law breaking. (Mcnamara,2010)NEED OF BUSINESS ETHICSBusiness ethics gives the directions for making a choice among alternatives decisions and business actions. Mostly it is considered that business ethics have to be ideal. But it is reality that ideals have little relationship with daily life decisions. Ethics offer the way to select among different judgments and actions focusing over the values those actions or judgment will impose latter on in the specific environment of array country. (Kline, J.M, 2010)UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR BY ORGANIZAIONSA businessmans ultimate objective is to make profit. As Friedman, M (1973) states in an article the social responsibility of business is to growing its profits (p.2).Anything that a businessman can do in the best interest of society is to be a good businessman. It means that they should try to maximize the profit which is the ultimate target of any business. Here is the point when businessmen think that instead of wasting time and resources with ethics they should focus on finance, marketing and business operations. As long as a business is in operation(p) within the rules, the only social responsibility of business is to increase its profit with the use of business resources. Concisely it can be said that remain in open and free competition without being involved in fraud or deception (Friedman, M, 1973, p.2).Multinational corporations operate in countries where bribery, sexual harassment, racial discrimination, and lack of concern for the environment are n both illegal nor unethical or unusual. The company must decide whether to adhere to constant ethical principles or to adjust to the local rules to maximize profits. As the costs of corporate and white-collar crime can be high, both for society and individual businesses, many business and trade associations have established ethical codes for companies, managers, and employees.REASONS BEHIND THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNETHICAL BUSINESS dodgeWhile developing the strategy for international business, organizations fail to focus over the following point. These the basic reasons for the outgrowth of unethical business strategy,Organizations fail make consensus on the objectives for doing business on global scale.Organizations do not involve the person into the strategy development process, who has knowledge of ethics in host country.Unable to exculpate the importance of ethics during strategy development as a competitive advantage.Organizations lay the base of their policies only on legal requirement and do not consider the ethical values.Organizations do not recruit a person whose sole responsibility is to focus on ethics at international locations.Organizations institute their employees or experts to fill ethics positions from organizations headquarter who have no experience of host country ethics.Focusing on the few heathenish differences rather than acknowledging the many cultural similarities. (The international business ethics institute,2005)EXAMPLENESTLE CORPORATIONDuring the promotion of baby figure in third world countries especially in Africa, the draw set about corporation hired the women and without giving them necessary training, they dressed them up as nurses. Those nurses recommend the formula over breast feeding to the mothers. They convinced that using the formula is sophisticated and looks like western, while breast feeding is old fashioned and third world practice. When mothers get convinced to use infant formula, free samples of nuzzle infant formula were given to them. Those free samples lasted long enough to dry up t he mothers breast milk due to the lack of use. Now at that coiffe mothers were forced to purchase the infant formula. The company continued this strategy regardless of worldwide protest. Protesters claimed that chance of getting sick is higher in children who were using infant formula as compared to breastfeeding in third world countries. The company changed its strategy only afterward years of massive boycotts of Nestle products by consumer. (Hooker, John, 2003, p.4).DISCUSSIONFrom the business point of view the companys inflexibility was perfectly justified. Because the major social responsibility of any business is to generate profit by using company resources and operating within legal boundaries. (Friedman, M, 1973, p.2) The company directors had no right to withdraw a profitable and legal product, although innocent babies were suffering due to it, until boycotts changed the public opinion and company started to suffer financially. Although the infant formula itself was not t he cause of deaths but the unethical strategy used to promote marketing in third world countries was major cause of those sufferings. Following are four problems that can arise when poor mothers in developing countries switch to infant formula,Infant formula needs to be mixed with water, which is mostly contaminated in poor countries. By using this contaminated water leads to diseases in infants. Due to higher illiteracy rate in those countries, majority of mother did not know how to wash the bottle and prepare it for feeding. Nestle write direction for use only in English. So the mothers how know to read in their native language, cannot understand the directions.Even the mothers, who understand the directions, do not have the means to action it. Due to the lack of fuel.Most of the poor mothers cannot afford the infant formula. So they use infant formula in less quantity as compared said quantity in order to make it last longer. But baby will suffer by this practice because he not getting the required amount of nutrition.Infant formula cannot be the true substitute of breastfeeding. Breast feeding has many natural benefits like, transfer of antibodies from mother to baby, essential amount of nutrition required for brain and nerve development and frequent breastfeeding can also delay the return of fertility in mothers. This can help the mothers of poor countries to space their births.Although Nestle knows that these problems were arising by use of its unethical marketing strategy, but it continued the promotion, until public boycotted its products. (Wikimedia Foundation Inc, 2011)CONCLUSIONBusiness actions of Nestle in this particular cheek fall in that category which includes actions that may be legal but can also be said bad. Most of the business issues related to ethics fall in this category. Companies claim that if they do business legally then their actions are ethical. They do not accept the reality that ethics are something more then to obey law. Nestl e is among the steer providers of products and services that make life easier for millions of people worldwide. This can only be accomplished through the managers who do the good work. But as said former mangers must pay attention to whether they are really doing good business.EXAMPLEBHOPAL DISASTEROn the night of 2nd December 1984, a pesticide company near the Bhopal (India) released the 40 tones of poisonous gasoline in to air. 50.9 percent shares of plant were owned by Union carbide, an American owned company. As the white clouds of poisonous gas settled over the sleeping citizen, it burned their eyes and lungs. Many died a little after inhaling the gas, local authorities says that 3000 people died on that night. But these are gross underestimates. According to Aminesty international total deaths were at least 7000. But campaigners say that total deaths in last 20 years are 20000 due to Bhopal disaster and half a million are still suffer with chronic illness. After the disaste r Union carbide made an out of court law of closure with Indian government and paid $470m in 1989. The families of victims received $550 per fatality as compensation. (Ramesh, 2004)DISCUSSIONA number of factors led to the leakage of gas. The commonality among all of them is that they were all related to cost cutting. Plant was under loss and was running only at one third of its capacity. Before the disaster night, pencil eraser auditors pointed out safety concerns. But no action was taken by management. Ultimately on the disaster night, all six safety measures responsible to prevent leakage were either stopped, malfunctioning or were not sufficient, all this was due to the cost cutting behavior of company.This was one perspective of incident. After the accident a major issue was whether the suit should be settled in American court as wished by Indian government or in an Indian court as wished by company. The reason behind that was that if human face had been in American court, t hen compensation made to victim families might be many more times than actually it was made at that time. After five years fight Union carbide made an out of court settlement with government of India for $470m.A case is still present against the chief executive of Union carbide. He was released on bail in 1984 and never came back to India. Union carbide left the city in 1999, but tons of chemicals were left behind. These chemicals contaminated the underground water in surrounding areas and are a major cause of diseases in the poor of Bhopal. (Fisher, C and Lovell, A, 2009, p.479-481)CONCLUSIONThis case shows that some time multinational companies take advantage from the legal systems of different countries. Because they have the choice over which jurisdiction they want to situate the case. Union carbide took the advantage of Indian jurisdiction and closed the case from its sheets by making a low price deal. If company had to face the similar case in its home country, the payment ma y be many times higher than they did. However examples of such cases are mostly from developing countries. Those developing countries are more interested in foreign direct investment. So the exploitation or taking advantage of developing countries weak institutional jurisdiction can ethically objectionable.EXAMPLETHE CHINESE TAINTED MILK SCANDALChina dairy industry is a major exporter of dairy products. But with the disclosure of impair milk case in 2007, many countries like Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, Indonesia and Australia banned the Chinas dairy products. Many other companies who were using Chinas dairy ingredients in their product also recalled products.Sanlu Group is a Chinese dairy product company in August 2008 it was found that they are using melamine in their dairy products to increase the protein like look. Melamine was added in such a large amount that it caused kidney failure in children. Later it was found in government investigation that 21 other dairy companies were also using melamine in their products. All the contaminated products were recalled and said to be disposed off. Sanlu Group stopped production after the confirmation of contamination. Chinas ministry of health informed the other countries about the presence of melamine in dairy products. Chinas dairy industry suffered badly after this incident.(IBS center for management research, 2011).DISCUSSIONSanlu Group customer service department received complaints from consumer in December 2007 about babies getting sick after the use of baby formula. But customer service department of company did not motif these complaints to executives until May 2008. Later in Jun 2008 Company received complaints regarding kidney stones development in babies being federal official the Sanlu baby formula. Again the customer service department did not took notice until the scandal became public in August 2008. After investigation 21 other dairy companies and many government officials found gui lty. Companies did all this to meet the high demand of dairy products. In China the demand per capita of dairy product move up from 2kg in 1980 to 22kg in 2004. Companies tried to exploit this high demand of dairy products and to get financial benefits.CONCLUSIONFrom above case it is clear that business ethics are how unevenly applied in real life. Chinas Tainted milk case has put more emphasizes on the implication of business ethics and norms. This case severely affected the repute of chinas companies. Companies also faced criticism over their late response, as they were aware of contamination but still waited for the investigation report before apologizing.It is also clear from this case that being ethical in daily does not confirms does not a guaranty that one will also be ethical in business environment. Employees of Sanlu groups customer service department were maybe having good ethics in daily life but they didnt perform ethically in business by hiding the information for top executives.

The Barnum effect

The Barnum emergenceAbstractThe Barnum effect is a theory that originated from psychologist Paul Meehl. The Barnum effect represents a type of subjective validation in which an individualist finds personal meaning in a assertion that could apply to many plenty (Card soundly, M. and Flanagan, C. 2012). In 1949, Forer went on to teach this effect by giving his students an attract form an astrology column, finding that many students endorsed the extract and felt it was trailered to them.I on that pointfore propose an look into which will explore whether their ar different responses in genders to a assess reputation definition. The subjects participating are all college students currently fielding history. The guessing therefore being, women will give a signifi mountaintly high accuracy rating than men on the standardised temper description. The null hypothesis is therefore, there will not be a significant exit between men and woman then asked to valuate a standard perso nality description. The Mann-Whitney test will be use to help interpret the findings. disdain there being a minimal difference in the scores with womanlys scoring higher(prenominal) than males, the investigate showed that the results where not significant thus the null hypothesis is supported.IntroductionThe Barnum effect is a theory that originated from psychologist Paul Meehl, in reference to to P. T. Barnum, an American showman with a reputation as a master manipulator. The Barnum effect represents a type of subjective validation in which a person finds personal meaning in a statement that could apply to many pack (Cardwell, M. and Flanagan, C. 2012). If a subject is given statements that appear to have been specifically prepared for them, they often will validate its accuracy, thus giving validly to the means used to create the statement.In 1949 Bertram, R. Forer wanted to study this effect and devised a study using his students to give some incite into the appeal of pseudo-s cience. Students completed a personality test that he has simply copied turn out of a newspaper column, and that the results would produce a unique personality analysis. After this the students were asked to rate the analysis form 0 (poor) to 5 (excellent) in terms of how complete they felt it reflected their own personality. Most of the students endorsed this statement with the average score being 4.26 (Cardwell, M. and Flanagan, C. 2012).This gives us an insight into the popularity of pseudo-science. Many people put great trustfulness in horoscopes and personality tests the truth is that predictions like these only work because we like to hear information about our selves.Another study into gullibility carried out by N.D. Sunberg (1955) asked students to complete a standardised test used by psychologists to evaluate an individuals personality. They were then given results, either written by two experienced psychologists, or a false one. When asked which result was more accurate , 50% of participants determine the fake results as more accurate (Cline, A. 2014). This experiment identified the hallucination of personal validation, whereby an individual cannot be relied on to validate their own character or personality.The solvent of the Barnum effect can however be cause by multivariates such as education and gender. A study into pseudo-science and peoples beliefs was continueed by Keeports and Morier (1994). Their study looked at a group of students who were studying science and pseudo-science presenting them with a questionnaire at the beginning of the course about their beliefs. After the course the same questionnaire was given to the students and found a significant reduction in their belief of the paranormal. This shows how education can clearly have an impact on peoples belief in the paranormal.It has been generally accepted that there are no gender differences in the Barnum effect phenomenon. However, enquiry carried out by Piper-Terry and Downey (1998) found that under veritable conditions, gender could effect the results (Layne, C. 1998). They had their friends administer a personality test to psychology students then preceded to claim that they had construe their response based on what they were learning in dissever. The students rated the interpretations highly in line with the Barnum effect, however women rated these more accurately than men did. Piper-Terry and Downey concluded that woman gave higher accuracy ratings because they wanted to help out their friends whereas men where less inclined to help. Another interpretation could be that women are more open and therefore deport their friends interpretations to be more accurate.Furthermore, an argument can be made for women to be more susceptible of the Barnum effect. Studies have found 65% of church congregations in the UK are made up of women (Thackray, J. 2013). An argument that is used to explain this could be that women are seen to be more emotional, which co uld lead to greater spiritual openness, and a willingness to accept faith without the need of evidence. However, some simply state that because of the ageing population of the church the number of women in the congregation will increase simply because of their longer bread and butter spans.It is therefore the aim of this experiment to compare the susceptibility of men and woman. When asked by a neutral party to rate a standardised personalty description according to its accuracy.The hypothesis therefore being women will give a importantly higher accuracy rating than men on the standardised personality descriptionThe null hypothesis is therefore, there will not be a significant difference between men and woman then asked to rate a standard personality description.MethodDesignThis experiment will be a laboratory experiment carried out in a class room with as some(prenominal) done as possible to help limit extraneous variables that may effect the result such as flutter distractions or demand characteristics. The experiment will use an independent measure and involve a group of individuals that will conduct the experiment once.The independent variable will be the participants genderThe dependant variable will be the participants response to the standardized personalty description.ParticipantsThe participants that will be used in this experiment will be students, currently studying history, aged between 19 and 31. The sample will consist of 12 females and 8 males and they will not be known the experamtor.Apparatus1 set of standardised instructions.20 personalty assessment question sheets20 standardised personalty descriptions.1 classroomProcedure.The participants were jump asked if they would consent to take part in an experiment. carried out by a fictional university into a new type of personality assessment that could give accurate information about an individuals personality.The participants then handed out a standardised questionnaire and instructed to ans wer each question on the paper. Once all the questionnaires were collected I told them I would return in one week with a personality description for each individual.On my return I handed out the standardised personality description informing them that it was personal and should not be shared with anyone else. I then asked them to rate the description out of 10 with 1 been not at all relevant and 10 been extremely relevant. Once these had been collected in I debriefed the participants and explained the deception.ResultsDescriptive StatisticsInferential StatisticsMann-Whitney U testDiscussionThe results of the study showed through analysis that using the Mann-Whitney U test it was found that the null hypothesis is shown to be correct. The experimental hypothesis that females will give a significantly higher score than males to a standardised personality description is rejected. However, by looking at the mean results from the two groups we can see that females did give a marginally hi gher score on the personality description.Although the null hypothesis was supported the Barnum effect was clearly evident in this experiment. A large absolute majority of the participants showed a score of 5 or higher with only one scoring below, as such we can say that the deception needed to conduct the experiment was a success. Moreover, among female participants two gave a score as high as 10 indicating how firmly they believed that the personality description had been trailered to them as individuals. This experiment therefore mirrors the results of the study carried out by Bertram, R. Foster, as the group of students he used also gave relatively high scores to a, after being told it was bespoke to the individual. Furthermore, comparisons can be drawn from the experiment carried out by N.D. Sunberg (1995) in which standardised tests, real and fake, were used to evaluate personalities. twain experiments can reinforce the fallacy of personal validation, clearly showing that p eople cannot be trusted to validate their own personality.There are several reasons why the hypotheses was not significantly supported. i of these could have been that the participants used share many similarities, such as studying the same subject which could be an indicator of a certain personality type. Furthermore, the accompaniment that they are students could indicate a certain level of intelligence. Both of these factors would make it hard to generalise the study to the rest of the population and as such put down the ecological validity of the experiment. This problem is shared by others who have been researching the subject including that of Piper-Terry and Downey (1994), who used psychology students for there experiments.One of the factors that could have affected the results is that their were more female than male participants. This could have effected the statistical conclusion that was drawn. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions in a college cla ssroom which could have effected the outcome of the experiment. Although this setting allowed for many extraneous variables to be controlled, such as the tiredness of a student or their willingness to give the study their full attention could not be. Furthermore, the placement of the participants sitting around tables instead of individually could have allowed them to see each others question answers or personality description, possibly leading them to alter their answers. Both of these criticisms could lower the internal validity of the experiment.A major strength of this study is the standardised set of instructions that were given to each student. By doing this we can train that each of the participants in full understand what they are expected to do as well as leading to the ability to easy recreate the experiment. Furthermore, standardised instructions leads to all the participants being treated the same and so lowers the risk of experimenter effects.With regard to ethics, on e of the main concerns was the creation a deception in order for the experiment to be effective. The British Psychology Society state in their guidelines that intentional deception should be avoided whenever possible (Hayes, N. 1993). As a deception was needed steps were taken to ensure participants were deceived as little as possible and that the true nature of the experiment was clearly communicated to them after it was complete . This was done by fully debriefing the participants after the study had been concluded. This involved fully informing them about the nature of the research and reassuring them about their performance within the study, as well as answering any questions that they might have about the experiment. (Lawton, J et al, 2011).Appendix 1 Personal statementWhile disciplined on the outback(a) you tend to be slightly insecure at times and you have need for other people to like and admire you. You prefer a certain amount of change and variety however you become unha ppy when you feel hemmed in by restrictions and limitations. Over the years you have learnt that us wise not to be to frank while revealing yourself to others and that it is best to hold onto your views until you feel that the time is right to express them. At times your outgoing, pleasant to talk to and sociable. However, there are time when when faced with a new situation that you feel slightly cautious and reserved. While some of your future plans may seem out of reach you nevertheless are willing to put in the work to try and make them a reality.Please score the accuracy of this personal statement0 = very poor 1 = extremely accurateAppendix 2 QuestionnaireInstructionsIn the table below, for each statement 1-50 mark how much you agree with on the scale 1-10, where 1=disagree, 10 extremely accurate.ReferencesCardwell, M. and Flanagan, C. (2012) Psychology AS the complete companion student book for AQA A. 3rd edn. Oxford Oxford University Press.Christopher Layne (1998) GENDER AND THE BARNUM solvent A REINTERPRETATION OF PIPER-TERRY AND DOWNEYS RESULTS. Psychological Reports Volume 83Cline, A. (2014) Flaws in Reasoning and Arguments Barnum Effect GullibilityAvailable at URL http//atheism.about.com/od/logicalflawsinreasoning/a/barnum.htm(Accessed on 09 declination 2014)Hayes, N. (1993) A first course in psycholog. London HarrapLAWTON, J., GROSS, R. and ROLLS, G. (2011) Psychology A2 for AQA (A). Abingdon Hodder Education.Thackray, J. (2013) Why do more women flock to the Church?Available at URL http//www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/10035155/Why-do-more-women-flock-to-the-Church.html(Accessed on 10 December 2014)

A Look At Leadership Psychology Essay

A Look At Leadership Psychology EssayIn a changing corporate world, strong leadinghip is becoming necessity for their survival Bennis nanus,1985.Complexity and chaos argon creating emerging concerns in solving problem in note world, which leads more than attention to leadership. This in turn has increased arguments how leadership is different from management. Management focus on responsibities and reaching goals effectively and efficiently which means it is the activities that keeps constitution running(Huey,1994).However leadership is a role to influence others and guiding them to go in right direction to effectiveness(Bennis Nanus,1985).Three skills required for managers to create success organization includes establishing direction, motive and inspiring people and aligning people (Cohn,1998).This new leadership role, it puts more pressure on leaders to deal effectively in an environment in which knowledge is an economic resource. Knowledge includes explicit data and statis tics as in history and tactic or inner sentiency. These are considered as key skills of leaders (White, Hodgson, Crainer, 1996).Self conscious(predicate)ness is a rigation for tactic knowledge. In the White, et al(1996) self ken involves the leaders being sensitive of their strengths and weakness and ability to accept them. Self abbreviation is a process of raising self sureness. So the key thing here is to collect sufficient and efficient information to make effective finish on ones future for a self managed development. By examining your strengths, weaknesses, skills and competences, a soulfulness gouge get a clear picture of what you are and what you have got. in a flash a days self awareness has become an important management trait in leadership training. Managerial self awareness is linked to effectivess of leaderships. Managers take to aware of the areas that needs improvement to do their job well.Asking feedback is an important element in this process. Feedback is kn make to improve performances of the mangers by motivating to improve and enjoin to the strategies to improve performance(Ashford Tsui,1991).The credible technique or the developmental taxments used these days are multi-rater feedback or360 feedback or multisource appraisal, peer review and full circle feedback (Church Bracken,1997).This involves a represent of raters same(p) peers, co-workers, team leaders, self, supervisors, customers etc.to provide feedback by filling a standard questionnaire. The underlying designer to this technique is the improved accuracy that is obtained by asking a wide range of people. This helps to improve future demeanour.However this was opposed by most traditional approach with only one rater that maintains global and accurate results than having different rater groups having different way to rate a manager that leads to halo effect (Borman,1974Zalesny Lirch,1989). Multi rater may not be 100% accurate.People judge ones soulfulnessality establish on the role that they do and over the period they develop skills to suit the job. Top of that behaviours are interpreted differently by different people another(prenominal) limitation on feedback is that sometimes the feedback will be difficult for a person to accept that might bridge a gap in relationship. unless these flattering feedbacks might help you increase management skills. It helps to remain cognizant of how ones performance is perceived. If the level of trust is high then people will give you flattering feedback. It is seen that managers who seek negative feedbacks are in more favourable light than managers who are interested in obtaining negative feedbacks. Impression management associated with industrious feedback seeking increases the perceives managers effectiveness (Ashford Tui,1991).Multi rater system takes over the self rating system as the way manager rates himself or herself is always biased and not reliable. This is human tendency to take credit for success and blame circumstances for failures. So the managers who are give carely to access their competencies accurately are more aware of the jobs that they do. They are able to visualise how others see them and change their behaviour accordingly in future which in turn enhances leadership techniques.According to Flavell et. Al(1968), the ability to assess another persons capabilities and tendencies in a given situation and the ability to use this information to communicate more effectively is a skill that is developed with age. The characteristics of kind judgement are a function of developmental phase of a human being. Mead (1934) argues that to be aware of ones selfhood, the person essential first detach awareness from the inside of oneself and use the exterior vantage point of another person. Taking the role of the other is necessary in this framework, as the context of the self consists of the intuition of the social other. Duval and Wicklunds (1972) theory of objective self-awareness takes exception to Meads theory by postulating that self- awareness occurs because consciousness can focus its attention on the self in the selfsame(prenominal) way that attention is focused on any object.In no way is it assumed that the individual is dependent upon the point of view of the other in the common sense that Mead intends. If the object-like nature of the self has been discovered, and stimuli in the environment are such that consciousness turns in the direction of the self, the person will become objectively self-aware (Duval Wicklund,p. 31, 1972).In other words, a person does not need to use the point of view of another person to be self-conscious. Instead, the mature individual has one consciousness ability to focus on different directions. Duval and Wicklund (1972) define objective self-awareness as the dry land in which the self is the object of consciousness. On the other hand, subjective self-awareness is the state in which the self is not the fo cus of consciousness.A manager must not only be thoughts, touch perceptions and limitations on himself rather he should be aware of others point of view and include the information in self appraisal (Duval Lalwani, 1999). This can be referred to as other-awareness (Figurski, 1987).Figurski (1987) identified four different kinds of person-awareness to bring limpidity to the definition of self-awareness. As seen in Figure 1, the three dimensions of person-awareness are target, perspective, and content. Perspective or tacit awareness (egocentric or allocentric) interacts with the target or focal awareness (self or other) to get content of awareness. Four categories of attention result self-experience awareness, self-image awareness, other-image awareness, and other-experience awareness. These can occur together in any combination or simultaneously.Figure 1. Figurskis manikin of Person AwarenessTARGETSelf differentSelfExperienceAwareness(Internal)OtherImageAwareness(External)SelfIma geAwareness(External)OtherExperienceAwareness(Internal)The figures indicate that people are aware of others experiences almost fifty percent of the time. The self proves to be the dominant focus of attention.Although managers are cogitate the majority of their attention to the self, they are not able to accurately judge their own behaviours. As stated above, self-ratings are thought to be unreliable indicators of behaviour for various reasons. However, self-ratings are important as in that respect are some characteristics like intelligence, high achievements status and locus of control are closely link to accurate self evaluation Mabe and West(1982).The greater the individuals level of self awareness the more similarity that is expected between the self assessment and the ratings provided by peers. legion(predicate) other studies have linked various managerial characteristics to more accurate self-evaluations. The discrepancy between self- and other-ratings is also empirically u nclear. For example, an elevation in self-ratings could be overdue to lower ratings in others rather than over-estimation by the self.Individuals who are self-aware are more likely to respond to information from past experiences, thereby becoming more effective and displaying more leadership strengths. There will be a significant relationship between overall managerial leadership effectiveness and congruity in self-other ratings. Individuals who are more self aware are perceived by their managers as good performers. This will be manifested in high performers receiving high congruence in self-other ratings compared to average performing managers (Hypothesis 1a). In addition, there will be a correlation between the overall leadership measure and high congruence scores (Hypothesis 1b).In the event that a manager is not self-aware, information on how others perceive the self is not utilized. According to the Figurski (1987) model, the allocentric perspective must be utilized in orde r for one to be aware of how the self is considered by others. Failure to consider the similarity or differences between the self and others results in perspectives that vary. Effective communication is in turn hindered, because the understanding between people is not clear. Conversely, those who communicate effectively are using information self-collected from interactions with others. It is thereforeexpected that managers with higher communication scores will display morecongruent performance data (as reflected in self-rater agreement). (Hypothesis 2.)Previous studies have found that different rater groups draw from differentexperiences when filling out an individuals performance review, and therefore results can differ by data source (Harris Schaubroeck, 1988 Borman, 1974 Zalesney Kirsch, 1989). Furthermore, individuals tend to focus more on feedback they receive from their managers versus peers or others. Data source (self, manager, peer, and other) is expected to explain var iance in self-awareness levels. (Hypothesis 3.)Key Areas for Self-AwarenessBeing a very complex and versatile creature Human beings need to have an understanding in many areas to become self aware. The areas that has to be focused for self- awareness includes psychological needs, personality traits, values, clothess, emotions etc.Understanding our personalities can help us to finger the solutions in which we thrive and help us to avoid situation which will give us similarly much stress and mental pressure. It could be in personal or professional life. For instance an introvert person can find it more nerve-wracking in sales job than an extrovert person. So either the person has to learn skills to match the job requirement or should look for other opportunities. So Awareness of personality helps to make a decision that will lead to less stress to lead a happy life. Every person has its own personal values. Awareness of own values will not misguide us to pay more attention to les s priority things in a day to day and we would be likely finish what we think is important to us rather than feeling guilty on not finishing it.Habits are the behaviours that are repeated routinely and automatically.Personal habit may affect our effectiveness. For instance if a person who is a manager doesnt have a habit to consult staff in decision making process may affect his ability to build staff members commitment. Knowing the psychological needs like esteem, affection, possessive, achievement, self actualization, power, control etc will help to understand their effect on interpersonal relationships. Emotional self-awareness is one of the five facets of emotional intelligence. Its about knowing ones feelings, what caused that feeling and how it impacts one thought and action. A person with high emotional self awareness can understand the internal processes of any emotional experience so can have a better control over itHow Self-Awareness Makes You More Effective Self-awareness promotes skill development by the bridging the gap in management skills. It leads the managers to find effectivess and help in making effective decision, stress management and motivate oneself and othersSelf awareness makes a person aware of the gap between the modern and future situation and helps enhancing the skills required for the future situation. Self awareness helps to utilise your strength and manage your weaknesses. For example someone gets tempered when conflict arises. If the person is aware of his weakness then the person should to not be in a situation when the conflict arises or practise to deal with the situation. That will help the person to handle its temper and not to affect others.Managers with emotional awareness are good decision makers. In these changing competitive environments intuitive decision makers can deal with situation with gut feeling and sixth sense. Emotionally aware persons can read their gut feeling and have better sixth sense that help them in decision making process. Jobs that dont suit a persons personality will give more stress than more compatible jobs. This is not like if your qualities are not compatible you cant go ahead with the job but you can put extra effort to develop the skills buy there are other alternative that will be less stressful.Self awareness is very powerful in revealing what is important for a person to improve performance. Understanding psychological needs increase motivation and get closer to the rewards that a person deserves.Understanding what click a person, reason of behaviour, reason of excitement etc can make what triggers others as well. So knowing to motivate yourself can help in know what motivate others.In Summary To consummate(a) ones management skills the best way to start is getting self aware. With a sense of yourself and vision of what kind a person you are or what you trust to become a plan of personal and professional development can be created, its helps to motivate a person, Help to manage stress and help in decision making and helps to lead and motivate others, which makes an effective leader. Knowing yourself is a slow process so we should try hard.

Big Daddy: A Movie Depicting a Father and Son relationship :: essays research papers

Adam Sandler used bad manners and used profanity in front of his password. His values were messed up. He didnt have each conscience what so ever and he had very few morals if any. His intelligence picked a lot of bad habits from his father like laughing when someone got hurt, urinating in public, and bad manners. His father also argued with people in front of his son.Adam Sandlers emotion, passion, determination, perseverance made him a good father. He gave his son a lot of experiences that helped go through a lot that will make his son stronger mindset good or bad. He was honest to his son and he spoke his mind to his son. He gave his son enough freedom, but still was able to guide in the way to be successful. He was an energetic father and he spent a lot of time with his son doing a lot of activities to together. He loved his son more than anything in the world. He prevented son from becoming obese by going outside with them.Adam Sandler improved a lot from when he first had to take care of Julian. At first he did not teach his son proper hygiene habits and his son smelled horrible, but by the movie his son was bathed regularly. At first he was behaving horrible in front of his son, but by the end of the movie he was making a positive impact on his neighborhood with his son. Sandler began to acknowledge that his own poor behavior had a negative effect on Julians behavior. He also showed more hospitality at scale with Julian by sharing the TV with him and letting watch his movie while the hockey game was on/I would not done that such(prenominal) differently if I was put in the same situation, considering how hard of situation it was. I would never claimed to be someone I really wasnt. I notion Sandler was a good father all things considered. Its hard to raise a kid when youre not his biological father because the kid unremarkably doesnt trust his non-biological father as much as his biological father. I might have not embarrassed myself and not set a bad example for my kids.There are certain characteristics necessary to being a good parent. A good must have patience and valuation account always especially when his child is overtired making him misbehave.

Free College Essays - Tone, Allusions and Diction in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter - Use of Tone, Allusions and Diction Puritans are well known for their morality in discipline, spectral intolerance, and irate punishments for those defying their beliefs. These Puritan influences had a abundant impact on early American literature. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides an illustrated look into the Puritans and their community in his classic The Scarlet Letter. Through Hawthornes use of tone, allusions with Hester and Dimmesdale, and the diction that is used to describe how the small town behaves during the multiple scaffold scenes he provides a disapproval for these rigid moralists extreme way of life. Hawthornes use of tone has revealed his feelings regarding the Puritans. He starts out relatively early in the book describing these people as being of the most intolerant brood (86) unveiling at once the lack of understanding they had. Finding out slightly Hester and Pearl, the village at once scorned them in their hearts, and...reviled them with their tongues (86) exposing to us the discriminating disposition that the Puritans have for those who were not exactly like them or followed their rules. The tone that is inferred from the harsh words allows us to see the negative attitude that the narrator feels for these Protestants. Along with the tone of voice that we can almost hear speak to us with Nathaniel Hawthornes moneyed yet somewhat chilling vocabulary is the allusion among the Puritans and their influence. As the Puritans could see that the same scorching stigma was on them both (225), Nathaniel Hawthorne alluded to the same marks on the crucified Christ, disclosing how lordly the convictions by the Puritans were. As he discusses the generations to come of puritanical influence, Hawthorne sees them wearing the blackest shade of Puritanism (211). This allusion allows us to see the perniciousness that flourished inside of the Puritans and how it was carried on from one generation to another. The allusions displaying the a uthors feelings of the religious intolerance of the Puritans are further developed with his choice of diction during the scaffold scenes. The Puritans feelings were so lacking of compassion that they were stern enough to look upon her deathwithout a murmur but had none of the heartlessness of another social state. (53). This implied that when faced with death of a betrayer they would not have a reaction because their commiseration was completely devoted towards social applications.